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This is a summary of the accomplishments, findings and available reports for Task 2 (Matrix Injection). |
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Task 2 of the PWRI JIP addressed the issues involved in best practices of PWIR under matrix injection scenarios. This report will focus on the development of Best Practices for produced water matrix injection; Review and identify the relevant matrix injection damage mechanisms and the tools needed to estimate the degree of damage (solids and/or oil plugging, scale deposition, shale swelling, etc.); Summarize the Best Practices, tools, models, e.g., to predict half-life, minimize damage build-up, mitigate damage formation and evaluate relevant well parameters; and Provide parameters for use in ranking of matrix injection operations based on cost/economics/risks. |
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Formation damage can be referred to as the mechanism that alters the permeability of the near-wellbore region, causing loss of injectivity performance. It has proven to be a major challenge to predict when it should be expected, what mechanisms will be involved and what are the consequences of the damage. There are many factors that contribute to the formation damage mechanisms. |
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This overview looks at generic models methodology for mitigation or remediation. Various publications related to damage resulting from suspended solids, scale, hydrocarbons, corrosion and bacteria growth are also cited. |
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As has been determined through the course of this project, some people still refuse to acknowledge that their wells are fractured - afraid of the outdated stigma that injector fracturing should be avoided at all costs. This report provides discussion on some of the ways that you can help resolve whether an injector is fractured or not - and if it is fractured, whether it is not propagating (stationary). |
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This is a literature review of matrix injection damage models. The reviewed models include models from PWRI participants, the UT-Austin model and the Wennberg model. |
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This model defines an injection rate quality ratio for determining the filtration specifications and for monitoring the quality of the water being injected. Field applications are provided. |
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Click on this link to download the zipped file containing the PWRI Toolbox. Be sure to unzip the files into one folder. Once the file is unzipped, execute SETUP.EXE. The setup program will install the PWRI Toolbox onto your PC. To initiate the toolbox, click on the shortcut created on your desktop labeled "PWRI Toolbox." |
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A User's Guide to the various components in the PWRI Toolbox. |
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A compilation of technical background, assumptions, limitations, etc., for the components in the PWRI Toolbox. |
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Methods have been developed for assessing the characteristics of seawater or produced water to its injection or re-injection to identify the level of suspended particles present and the nature of these particles. |
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This workshop concentrated on "The Development of Design Methodologies." The topics discussed included Matrix Injection - A Conventional Approach, Field Experience and How to Monitor Water Quality. |
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This workshop also concentrated on "The Development of Design Methodologies - Technology Today." The topics discussed included Damage and Stimulation, Field Experience, The Impact of Surface Facilities on Injectivity Impairment, How is a Successful Stimulation Treatment Defined?, and Economics of Produced Water Re-Injection. Under the category of Technology Tomorrow - the participants pooled their knowledge and experience in order to formulate a final product. |