Best Practices

Injection Rate

Many stimulation hydraulic fracturing treatments are performed at injection rates ranging from 10 to 50 bpm. A paradigm shift is necessary when thinking of produced water reinjection - consider rates/volumes in terms of barrels per day rather than barrels per minute. Rates may be up to multiple tens of thousands of barrels per day (10,000 BLPD ~6.9 bpm). This implies that while the rates may be similar, the volumes injected and the time scale of the operations can be quite different. In terms of rates, van den Hoek et al, 2000, cite rates for injection in Oman of 15,000 to 20,000 m³/day (~65 to 87 bpm). Also consider the potential for periodic shut-downs that are inevitable in any long-term operation and the fact that the injection rate may vary in accordance with meeting voidage requirements. Potentially, injection rates may also be lower than for some typical stimulation operations, target formations may have very high permeability, and the injected fluid viscosity will be low, leading to low efficiency fracturing operations.

<Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties Are mechanical properties any less important for PWRI fracturing than for stimulation hydraulic fracturing? Are some properties more important, for different reasons - e.g. thermal effects? If you want to go back to a different page, select the link from the table below.

Differences From Stimulation Models

Mechanical Properties

An Introduction to PWRI Models

PWRI Models

Time Scale>

Time Scale The duration of a stimulation hydraulic fracturing treatment is considerably shorter than ongoing PWRI operations? Are there specific consequences of this time scale difference? If you want to skip forward, you can select from links in the table below.

Differences From Stimulation Models

Types of PWRI Models

Audit of PWRI Models

Mechanical Properties Top Previous Main Documents